Introduction
The Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanwu Festival, is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It is celebrated annually on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. This festival has a rich history and is filled with various cultural activities and customs. As a first-year student, experiencing the Dragon Boat Festival for the first time can be an eye-opening and memorable journey into the heart of Chinese traditional culture.
The History of the Dragon Boat Festival
The origin of the Dragon Boat Festival dates back to the Warring States period (475-221 BC). According to legend, the festival was created to commemorate the poet Qu Yuan, who drowned himself in the Miluo River after being falsely accused of treason by his king. Local people raced out in boats to save him, but were unable to find him. To prevent fish and other creatures from eating his body, they threw rice dumplings into the river. Today, the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated with dragon boat races, eating zongzi (sticky rice dumplings), and hanging mugwort and calamus on doors.
The Dragon Boat Race
The most iconic activity of the Dragon Boat Festival is the dragon boat race. These races are held in rivers, lakes, and even in indoor pools. The dragon boat is a long, narrow wooden boat, adorned with a dragon head and tail at both ends. The crew consists of 20-22 rowers and a drummer.
Rowing Techniques
Rowing in a dragon boat requires synchronization and teamwork. Here are some key rowing techniques:
- Start: The crew starts with a strong, synchronized push from the stern, followed by a steady rhythm from the bow.
- Strokes: Rowers use a sculling motion with one oar, moving it back and forth in a smooth, continuous motion.
- Synchronization: The rowers must maintain a consistent rhythm, which is controlled by the drummer.
- Steering: A steersman sits at the stern and controls the direction of the boat using a long paddle.
Safety Precautions
Dragon boat races can be dangerous, so safety is a top priority. Here are some safety precautions:
- Life Jackets: All participants must wear life jackets.
- Safety Boats: Safety boats are on standby to assist in case of an emergency.
- Instructors: Trained instructors are present to ensure that participants are rowing safely.
Eating Zongzi
Zongzi, or sticky rice dumplings, are another essential aspect of the Dragon Boat Festival. These dumplings are made with glutinous rice and filled with a variety of ingredients, such as red bean paste, meat, or mushrooms. They are wrapped in bamboo leaves and steamed until cooked.
Making Zongzi
To make zongzi, follow these steps:
- Prepare the Ingredients: Soak the bamboo leaves and glutinous rice overnight. Prepare the filling of your choice.
- Wrap the Rice: Place a small amount of rice in the center of a bamboo leaf, add the filling, and wrap it into a triangle or pyramid shape.
- Cook the Zongzi: Place the wrapped zongzi in a steamer and cook for about 2 hours.
Other Customs
In addition to dragon boat races and eating zongzi, there are several other customs associated with the Dragon Boat Festival:
- Hanging Mugwort and Calamus: These two herbs are believed to ward off evil spirits and insects. They are hung on doors and windows.
- Wearing Periwinkle: Periwinkle flowers are worn on the head or tied to the hair to protect against evil spirits.
- Drinking Realgar Wine: Realgar wine is a traditional drink made from realgar, a red ore. It is believed to have protective properties.
Conclusion
The Dragon Boat Festival is a vibrant and exciting celebration of Chinese traditional culture. As a first-year student, experiencing this festival for the first time can be a truly rewarding and memorable experience. By participating in dragon boat races, eating zongzi, and learning about other customs, you can gain a deeper understanding of China’s rich cultural heritage.